-Anthony Ingraffea, Scientists in the March meeting hosted by the EPA to help determine whether fracking is guilty as charged
-Fracking is infusing toxic chemicals and gas intro drinking-water supplies
-Basic technique of hydraulic fracturing has been used in conventional-style wells since 1940s
-When vertical well shaft hits layer of shale, chemically treated water and sand are blasted down at high pressure to crack open rock and liberate natural gas.
-Technique been combined with a newer technology called directional or horizontal
-drilling- the ability to turn a downward-plodding drill bit as much as 90 degrees and continue drilling within the layer, parallel to the ground surface.
-Companies may drill a dozen or more vertical wells to maximize access to gas.
-Scientists and regulators are trying to answer the complex question.
-Department of Environmental Conservation unveiled a plan to give drilling companies access to 85% of state's portion of the Marcellus and Utica Shale -formations.
-Fracking would not be allowed in NYC or Syracuse watersheds, because water supplies and unfiltered between those water supplies.
-It takes two to four million gallons of water for a single lateral and 15,000 to 60,000 gallons of chemicals.
-Transporting liquids involves fleet of tanker trucks and large storage containers
-75% percent of what is blasted down comes back up.
-The problem might not be fully fixable.
-A significant percentage of cement jobs will fail.
-Contamination because of bad cementing has been a long standing problem
-Because of depths of gas and combination of fracking and directional drilling, millions of gallons per fracking operation
-Poor cementing accounts for a number of groundwater contamination cases.
-Methane migration is also a problem
In this article the author talks about fracking. Fracking is a process where a vertical well shaft hits a layer of shale. Water hits the shale to crack open rocks and release natural gas. It takes up to two to four million gallons of water for a single drill and will take 15,000 to 60,000 gallons of chemicals. The process of fracking can contaminate drinking water of homes near fracking areas. One source of contamination could be poor cementing which could let the natural gases to seep out. The second source would be that if drills link up with preexisting openings it can allows natural gas to travel upwards to the surface. The third and last source of water contamination is by methane migration. Methane is released from rocks and with enough pressure it can cause water and chemicals to go back into drilling holes and into groundwater which is used for drinking supply. Other ways EPA that fracking causes contamination of water supplies could be from unlined/leaky storage pits or faulty well cementing.
After reading this article I think companies that do fracking should pay for the damage they do and fix many of the problems that come with this business including paying for the effects of water contamination to people it effects. After watching a movie about fracking fracking companies should be held accountable for all negative effects of fracking. With the contamination of drinking water due to fracking it can harm human health animal health and could also kill both humans and animals. Fracking companies should be charged since they use up to two to four million gallons of water for one pump. According to this we use up trillions of gallons of water being just for fracking. It is clearly a waste of water and should be used for other things that are more important such as for drinking water or irrigation. If the cement fails there is a chance that hundreds of chemicals will effect us which will definitely be catastrophic.
-Fracking is infusing toxic chemicals and gas intro drinking-water supplies
-Basic technique of hydraulic fracturing has been used in conventional-style wells since 1940s
-When vertical well shaft hits layer of shale, chemically treated water and sand are blasted down at high pressure to crack open rock and liberate natural gas.
-Technique been combined with a newer technology called directional or horizontal
-drilling- the ability to turn a downward-plodding drill bit as much as 90 degrees and continue drilling within the layer, parallel to the ground surface.
-Companies may drill a dozen or more vertical wells to maximize access to gas.
-Scientists and regulators are trying to answer the complex question.
-Department of Environmental Conservation unveiled a plan to give drilling companies access to 85% of state's portion of the Marcellus and Utica Shale -formations.
-Fracking would not be allowed in NYC or Syracuse watersheds, because water supplies and unfiltered between those water supplies.
-It takes two to four million gallons of water for a single lateral and 15,000 to 60,000 gallons of chemicals.
-Transporting liquids involves fleet of tanker trucks and large storage containers
-75% percent of what is blasted down comes back up.
-The problem might not be fully fixable.
-A significant percentage of cement jobs will fail.
-Contamination because of bad cementing has been a long standing problem
-Because of depths of gas and combination of fracking and directional drilling, millions of gallons per fracking operation
-Poor cementing accounts for a number of groundwater contamination cases.
-Methane migration is also a problem
In this article the author talks about fracking. Fracking is a process where a vertical well shaft hits a layer of shale. Water hits the shale to crack open rocks and release natural gas. It takes up to two to four million gallons of water for a single drill and will take 15,000 to 60,000 gallons of chemicals. The process of fracking can contaminate drinking water of homes near fracking areas. One source of contamination could be poor cementing which could let the natural gases to seep out. The second source would be that if drills link up with preexisting openings it can allows natural gas to travel upwards to the surface. The third and last source of water contamination is by methane migration. Methane is released from rocks and with enough pressure it can cause water and chemicals to go back into drilling holes and into groundwater which is used for drinking supply. Other ways EPA that fracking causes contamination of water supplies could be from unlined/leaky storage pits or faulty well cementing.
After reading this article I think companies that do fracking should pay for the damage they do and fix many of the problems that come with this business including paying for the effects of water contamination to people it effects. After watching a movie about fracking fracking companies should be held accountable for all negative effects of fracking. With the contamination of drinking water due to fracking it can harm human health animal health and could also kill both humans and animals. Fracking companies should be charged since they use up to two to four million gallons of water for one pump. According to this we use up trillions of gallons of water being just for fracking. It is clearly a waste of water and should be used for other things that are more important such as for drinking water or irrigation. If the cement fails there is a chance that hundreds of chemicals will effect us which will definitely be catastrophic.